Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a treatable mental health condition marked by extreme changes in mood, thought, energy, and behavior. It is not a character flaw or a sign of personal weakness. Previously known as manic depression, bipolar disorder involves mood swings between “highs” (mania) and “lows” (depression) that can last for hours, days, weeks, or months.

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Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis

When people experience both manic and depressive symptoms at the same time, they’re said to be in a mixed state. They feel all the negative emotions of depression but also feel agitated and restless. The screeners below provide confidential tools to help determine if mental health support is needed.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Mania: The “Highs” of Bipolar Disorder

Symptoms of mania include:

  • Heightened mood, exaggerated optimism, and self-confidence
  • Excessive irritability and aggressive behavior
  • Decreased need for sleep without fatigue
  • Grandiose thoughts and inflated self-importance
  • Racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsiveness
  • Reckless behavior
  • In severe cases, delusions and hallucinations

Depression: The “Lows” of Bipolar Disorder

Symptoms of depression include:

  • Prolonged sadness or unexplained crying spells
  • Significant changes in appetite and sleep patterns
  • Persistent lethargy and social withdrawal
  • Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and recurring thoughts of suicide

Bipolar Depression

Those with bipolar disorder often experience bipolar depression more frequently than mania. Incorrect treatment for bipolar disorder may lead to episodes of mania, so it’s essential to monitor symptoms and communicate with health providers.

Mania Screeners

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Risk Factors

Researchers have identified several risk factors that may contribute to the development of mood disorders, including:

  • Family history of mood disorders
  • Specific genetics or brain structure
  • Trauma or stressful life events
  • Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
  • Excessive drug or alcohol use
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Types of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by one or more episodes of mania or mixed episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

Diagnosed after one or more major depressive episodes and at least one episode of hypomania. Hypomania is less severe than full mania.

Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder (OSBARD)

Previously referred to as Bipolar Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS), this diagnosis applies to those with manic and depressive symptoms that do not fit the criteria for Bipolar I or II.

Cyclothymia

A milder form of bipolar disorder marked by episodes of hypomania and less severe depression that alternate for at least two years.

Rapid Cycling

Defined by experiencing four or more episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression within a 12-month period.

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